Friday, December 27, 2019
How to Do Logging in C# With Log4net
When you write computer code in C#, its a good idea to include logging code. That way, when something goes wrong, you know where to start looking. The Java world has been doing this for years. You can use log4net for this purpose. It is part of Apache log4j 2, a popular open-source logging framework. This isnt the only .NET logging framework; there are many. However, the Apache name is trusted and the original Java logging framework has been around for more than 15 years. Why Use a Log4net Logging Framework? When an application or server crashes, you are left wondering why. Was it a hardware failure, malware, maybe a Denial of Service attack, or some odd combination of keys that manages to bypass all your code checks? You just dont know. You need to find out why a crash occurred so it can be corrected. With logging enabled, you might be able to see why it happened. Getting Started Download the log4net file from the Apache log4net website. Verify the integrity of the downloaded files using the PGP signature or MD5 checksums. The checksums are not as strong indicators as the PGP signature. Using Log4net Log4net supports seven levels of logging from none to all in increasing priority. These are: OFFFATALERRORWARNINFODEBUGALL The higher levels include all the lower ones. When debugging, using DEBUG shows all, but on production, you might only be interested in FATAL. This choice can be made at the component level programmatically or in an XML Config file. Loggers and Appenders For flexibility, log4net uses loggers, appenders, and layouts. A logger is an object that controls logging and is an implementation of the ILog interface, which specifies five boolean methods: isDebugEnabled, IsInfoEnabled, IsWarnEnabled, IsErrorEnabled and IsFatalEnabled. It also specifies the five methodsâ€â€Debug, Info, Warn, Error andFatalâ€â€along with overloads and five formatted string versions. You can see the full ILog interface in the log4net online manual. Loggers are assigned one of the levels but not ALL or OFF, only the other five. Appenders control where the logging goes. It can be into a database, to an in-memory buffer, to the console, to a remote host, to a text file with rolling logs, the Windows Event Log, or even to email via SMTP. There are 22 appenders in all, and they can be combined so you have plenty of choices. Appenders are appended (hence the name) to a logger. Appenders filter events by matching substrings, event level, range of levels and start of the logger name. Layouts Finally, there are seven layouts that can be associated with an Appender. These control how the events message is logged and can include exception text, timestamp layouts, and XML elements. Configuring With XML Although configuring can be done programmatically, it can also be done with XML Config files. Why would you prefer config files over code changes? Simple, its far easier to have a support guy make a change to a config file than have to get a programmer to change code, test and redeploy a new version. So config files are the way to go. The simplest possible path is to add App.config your project, as shown in the example below: ?xml version1.0 encodingutf-8 ?configuration  configSections    section namelog4net typelog4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,Log4net/  /configSections  log4net    root      level valueDEBUG/      appender-ref refLogFileAppender /    /root    appender nameLogFileAppender typelog4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender       file value log.txt/      appendToFile valuetrue /      rollingStyle valueSize /      maxSizeRollBackups value5 /      maximumFileSize value10MB /      staticLogFileName valuetrue /      layout typelog4net.Layout.PatternLayout        conversionPattern value%d [%t] %-5p %c %m%n /      /layout    /appender  /log4net/configuration The log4net online documentation explains all the config file fields.  Having set up App.config, add using log4net and this line: [assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)] Plus the actual logger has to be fetched with a call to LogManager.GetLogger(...). The GetLogger is usually called with the typeof(class) that its used in, but this function call also fetches that: System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType This example shows both in with one commented, so you can choose. using log4net;[assembly: log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator(Watch true)]namespace gvmake{    class Program    {        private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger (System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType) ;        //private static readonly ILog log LogManager.GetLogger(typeof (Program)) ;        static void Main(string[] args)        {            log.Debug(Application Starting) ;        }    }}
Thursday, December 19, 2019
The Achievement Gap Between Hispanic Students And...
The achievement gap between Hispanic students and non-Hispanic students is alarming due to the high dropout rates and the increasing Hispanic population in the United States. To better understand why Hispanic students dropout out of high school it is important to explore the perspectives and experiences of high school dropouts. Examining the root causes of whys Hispanic student’s drop out of high school can assist to improve dropout retention early on. As a significant number of Hispanics continue to dropout of high school annually, educational decision-makers continue to search for solutions to effectively address the high percentage of Hispanic dropouts. In 2008, Behnke, A., Gonzalez, L., Cox, R. researched why Hispanic youth drop out†¦show more content†¦Because Hispanics are the fastest growing population in the United States, it is critical for the development of prevention dropout programs to decrease the dropout rate and improve the quality of life amongst th e Hispanic population (Reyes Elias, 2011). When comparing the annual income between a Hispanic student that graduates from high school and a Hispanic high school dropout, the student with a high school diploma will earn $5,747 more than the student who drops out (U.S. Census, 2010). Statistics have demonstrated that high student populations in high schools impact the learning of students, and students are more likely to dropout (Fry, 2005). Hispanic Achievement The amount of high school graduates in the United States is significantly less for minority students (Wagner, 2008). Less than one-third of minority students in the United States high schools obtain a high school diploma (Wagner, 2008). As the Hispanic population continues to grow rapidly, the ratio of Hispanic students enrolled in K-12 public schools by 2020 will be one in four students (Maxwell, 2012). According to Noguera Akom (2000), the achievement gap for Hispanics is relatively transparent through their high dropout rates, college completion rates, and their low educational achievement. The dropout rate for Hispanics is approximatelyShow MoreRelatedThe Achievement Gap1119 Words  | 5 Pagesthe achievement gap delineates the observed disparity in school performance among student groups. This gap is manifested in measures such as test scores, grades, college completion and dropout rates, and selection of courses. Within the U.S. context, the achievement gap has often been u sed to refer to the worrying performance disparities between Latinos and African-Americans on one hand and their non-Hispanic white counterparts on the other. The gap also describes academic differences between studentsRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Minority And Nonminority Children974 Words  | 4 Pagesschool there are always those students who exceed, but there are also individuals who struggle significantly. However, minority students tend to struggle more than nonminority students. According to an article called â€Å"Addressing the Achievement Gap Between Minority and Nonminority Children by Increasing Access to Gifted Programs,†by Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, Seon-young Lee, and Mephie Ngoi, â€Å"The most significant educational problem in the U.S. is the fact that the achievement of minority children lagsRead MorePublic Opinion On Race And Ethnicity Essay1191 Words  | 5 Pagesarticle, The Politics of Achievement Gaps: U.S. Public Opinion on Race-Based an d Wealth-Based Differences in Test Scores (Valant Newark, 2016) compares three different demographic groups and finds American’s options on achievement gaps in the United States. One set of groups that this study compared were students from poor financial backgrounds to students with wealthy financial backgrounds, it was discovered that most Americans wanted to see changes in these students test scores because mostRead MorePredictors of Academic Achievement: Race, Gender and Socioeconomic Status802 Words  | 4 Pagesvariation between graduation and subject literacy rates, with huge differences also between schools alone. These statistics are disappointing because the US is considered one of the largest world powers. The disparities in American students academic achievement is also detrimental because they are less able to compete in the global market place. Many things have been used to explain this disparity but race has often led as the main explanation. The racial d isparities in academic achievement have alsoRead MoreFederal Elementary And Secondary Education Act Essay719 Words  | 3 Pageseducational equality for all American students and to lessen the achievement gaps between and among ethnicity groups, children of poverty, and disabled populations (U.S. Department of Education, 2001). Additionally, because of this increased scrutiny of student performance, other classification categories emerged such as gender. Investigating college-readiness by looking at the data for particular groups pinpoints definite achievement gaps. The profile of a college student in the United States revealsRead MoreHigher Education And Racial Disparities1133 Words  | 5 Pagesof this in the public policy arena has been the persistent attack on affirmative action in higher education and employment. Racial minorities, particularly Blacks and Hispanics, appear to be prospering more in America, that is to say they are enrolling in college and earning more money than in past years. While opportunities for non-Asian minorities have increased in America, whites still have more opportunities to succeed financially than minorities, due to more educational opportunities. TableRead MoreThe Effects Of Poverty And Student Achievement : Does Poverty Affect The Culture Of A School?1195 Words  | 5 PagesPoverty and Student Achievement: Does Poverty Affect the Culture of a School? Veronica Curtis, B.A, M.Ed Stony Brook University ABSTRACT Research Questions The following research questions guided this study. Research Question One According to the research literature, what effect does poverty have on academic performance? Research Question Two According to the research literature, what is the influence of behavior management strategies and the affect on student performanceRead MoreCultural Diversity Research Project :1436 Words  | 6 Pages classrooms are nothing more than a melting pot. Each student brings a different viewpoint and perspective to the classroom. As the chef of the melting pot, an educator must make sure each ingredient is savored. According to Teachers, Schools, and Society, demographic forecasting predicts that by 2030 almost half the school population will be from non-European ethnic groups. It’s essential that educators meet the needs of our diverse students. Failure to fairness in the classroom is not an optionRead MoreWhy School Should Be A Place For Children1651 Words  | 7 PagesIt is common knowledge that children’s school performance, including scores on standardized tests of academic achievement, is associated with their family background, particularly race, ethnicity, and s ocioeconomic status. Most Americans believe that schools are places where social inequalities should be equalized, where the advantages or disadvantages that children experience in their homes and families should not determine what happens to them in school. It is believed that school should be a placeRead MoreThe Educational Achievement Gap Between Minorities And Non Minorities1541 Words  | 7 Pagesresearched the educational achievement gap between minorities and non-minorities. I rather refer to it as the educational debt we as educators owe those students, this study looks at the idea of having more teachers of color in hopes to pay our debt of education back to these minority students. I surveyed over 100 minority students to gauge their attitudes concerning learning, motivation, confidence and much more to see how it differs from their minority teacher class and their non-minority teacher class
Wednesday, December 11, 2019
Molecular Biology of the Cell Garland Science
Question: Describe about the Molecular Biology of the Cell for Garland Science? Answer: Cell is structural, functional and biological unit of all the living organism. They are small unit of life of organisms. The replication process is independent and are known as building block of life. There are two type of cells found in all organisms. Prokaryotic cell that are made up from a single cell and Eukaryotic cell that are made up from two or more than two cells (Lodish et al, 2004). In the later paragraphs the structure and function of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are explained in detail. Prokaryotic cells are simple cells. They lack cell membrane and organelles. They reproduce by binary fission. They have a cell envelope known as capsule made from polysaccharides. They also have plasma membrane made up of proteins, phospholipids, carbohydrates. Inner to it is cytoplasm, it contains ribosome, mesosomes and plasmids (Whiteman, 1998). The ribosomes exist freely inside the cytoplasm and the mesosomes are folding in the plasma membrane. In Bacteria small Pilli and flagella are present. Eukaryotic cell are complex. They have membrane bound nucleus. They have a cell wall, inner to it is plasma membrane which is a double layered wall. Inner to it cytoplasm is present which is a jelly like substance in which all other organelles are present. Nucleus is present in the center with a nucleolus inside and covered by nuclear membrane (Raven, 1987). The other organelles that are present include mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles and all these organelles are present inside the cytoplasm. It also consists of chromosome e present in the nucleolus of the cells. There are many eukaryotic cells. Among these most important are plant cells and the animal cells. Plant cells: These are eukaryotic cells which has nucleus that is membrane bound. They are larger in size than to animal cells. They are rectangular or cuboidal in shape. The cell wall is present outside the plasma membrane and is made of cellulose and functions to support and provide rigidity. They have membrane bound cell structures (Albert et al, 2002). The organelles carry out functions like producing hormone, enzyme and carrying out metabolic activities. Animal cells: The animals are multicellular so eukaryotic cells. They are covered by cell membrane but do not have a cell wall. The animal cells consists of are centrioles, cilia and flagella, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, microfilaments, microtubules, mitochondria, nucleus, peroxisomes, plasma membrane and ribosomes (Margulis, 2000). The part of plant and animal cells cell along with their structure and function are explained below: Cell wall: The outermost covering meant for support, rigidity and protection. Cell membrane: Inner to cell wall made up of phospholipid Cytoplasm: All the organelles reside in this Nucleus: inside the cytoplasm and contains hereditary information of the cell that is inside the DNA. Chloroplast: Plastid containing chlorophyll meant for trapping light energy and carrying out photosynthesis. Mitochondria: Power house of the cell. They are present inside the cytoplasm. Vacuoles: Temporary storage unit of cell Golgi complex: Proteins are sorted and packed in it. Ribosomes: Meant for assembling proteins Endoplasmic reticulum: Meant for transporting material The cell membrane present is a semi permeable membrane. It is double layered made up of phospholipids with proteins embedded inside it. The major function of cell membrane are as follows: Isolating the cytoplasm from the outside environment Regulating the exchange of substances in to and out of the cell Communicating with other cells The substance move across the membrane in a passive that is coming in absence of input of cells energy or active which expands the cell energy and than transport it. It also make up the cell potential. Thus making the cell membrane a filter and allowing a specific amount of things to go out and come inside the cell. Phospholipids are made up of a hydrophilic head and a tail that is hydrophobic and forms a barrier. The small particle which does not have charge easily passess through the membrane bilayer like carbon dioxide and oxygen. The water molecules are charged so does not pass easily, and requires a channel protein known as Aquaporin to pass through the membrane (Jesse et al, 2007). The transport mechanism is passive which takes place by simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion by help of proteins, osmosis and with the help of contractile vacuoles or central vacuoles. The transport mechanism which is active involving the movement of molecule uphill that is going against the conce ntration gradient is carried up with the help of ATP molecules. It involves three processes of endocytosis, exocytosis or by the aid of sodium and potassium pump. Explain the terms active and passive transport of substances across a membrane? Active transport is the movement of biomolecules from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration with the help of chemical energy (Nelson, 2005). The types of active transport are Endocytosis, exocytosis and sodium-potassium pump. The Passive transport is movement of biomolecules from the region of high concentration to the region of low concentration and without the help of any kind of chemical energy. The type of passive transport are diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Name a substance that moves by each mechanism The proteins and ions move via the active transport process (Wchtershuser, 2003). The water and oxygen molecules move up by the passive process. Explain why the process of mitosis is important in cells Mitosis is necessary because by it the division of parent genome takes place and it is divided in to two same copies of the two daughter genome. In both the animal and plant cell mitosis helps the tissues to grow, body parts to grow and repair any abnormalities. Describe the key stages in the process of mitosis Mitosis is the division of cell in to two identical daughter cells. It consists of four stages: Prophase: Duplication of DNA takes place and cell is prepared for dividing. The nuclear membrane disrupts in this phase (Morgan David, 2007). Metaphase: The chromosomes along with their chromatids are aligned aloe equator or the metaphasic plate. The spindle fibre formation begins. Anaphase: The two sister chromatids separate and try to move to the end of the poles of spindle Telophase: The cell membrane closes up and split the cell in to two halfs. It gives two daughter cells with same genome. Name the process in animals which require meiosis to take place Reproductive cells known as germ cells requires meiosis to take place. Outline the stages of meiosis describing the key chromosome movements which occur The stages of meiosis in which the chromosome movement occurs during the prophase I of meiosis I. These are: Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakinesis Explain the biological importance of meiosis? The biological importance of meiosis is that by this the haploid gametes are formed which carry out sexual reproduction(Freeman, 2002). It also results in maternal and paternal genes being exchanged during crossing over and allowing variations to occur in the offsprings. It also maintains the same chromosome number that is n in all the daughter chromosomes. References Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J et al. (2002). Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ed.). New York: Garland Science. Freeman, S (2002). "Cell Division". Biological Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. pp. 155174. Jesse Gray, Shana Groeschler, Tony Le, Zara Gonzalez (2002). "Membrane Structure" (SWF). Davidson College. Retrieved 2007-01-11. Lodish H, Berk A, Zipursky LS et al. (2004). Molecular Cell Biology (4th ed.). New York: Scientific American Books Margulis, L. (2000). Origin of Eukaryotic Cells. New Haven, London: Yale University Press Morgan, David L. (2007). The cell cycle: principles of control. London: Published by New Science Press in association with Oxford University Press. Nelson, David L.; Cox, Michael M. (2005). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman Raven, J. A. (1987). "The role of vacuoles". New Phytologist 106: 357422. Wchtershuser G (January 2003). "From pre-cells to Eukaryaa tale of two lipids". Mol. Microbiol. 47 (1): 1322 Whitman; Coleman; Wiebe (1998). "Prokaryotes: The unseen majority" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (12): 65786583
Tuesday, December 3, 2019
Sexual Dysfunction In US Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Sexual Acts
Sexual Dysfunction In US The article being reviewed Is from the February 22, 1999 issue of U.S. News and World Report. It is titled Not tonight, dear and is written by Wray Herbert. The article is separated into three parts dealing with sex and marriage, different statistics between the races, and the treatment of sexual dysfunction. There are a number of interesting facts in the intro that should be stated before a review of the articles body commences. The author cites a recent report consisting of interviews from 3,000 adults about their sexual lives. One of the findings from the report is that at nearly any given time almost one third of American men and 4 out of 10 American qomen suffer from some sort of sexual dysfunction. The range of dysfunction being suffered by American adults is a wide one, including a lack of desire, anxiety about performance, pain during intercourse, and orgasmic and arousal dysfunctions. The author then states that the contradictory messages about sexuality in our culture can only be part of the problem and that emotional and mental illness`s produced by past traumas and set backs are most likely the major cause of sexual dysfunction. First, there appears to be less reported cases of sexual dysfunction amongst married men and women than there are for singles. This sentiment is backed by a survey done by University of Chicago sociologist Edward Laumann and he concludes that the singles scene is not as carefree as it is cracked up to be and that sex within the confines of marriage is less problematic. This conclusion runs counter to the clinical experience of many sex therapists. Their experiences tend to make them think that many people in relationships are deeply committed to each other, however the are not in fact satisfied by their sexual relationships because the lack the desire to have sex. The issue of the inverse nature of male and female sexuality is also discussed, It seems that when they are younger men have a stronger desire for sexual contact and women have a higher incidence of sexual dysfunctions. These statistics reverse themselves in older people, when the incedences of dysfunction are higher for males and the desire for sexual contact is stronger in females. Secondly, in this article the levels of dysfunction and satisfaction is applied to different ethnicities. The three different races that were polled in this article were blacks, whites and Hispanics. In terms of sexual dysfunction, blacks reported higher occurrences of it, followed by whites and hispanics reported the lowest instances of dysfunction. Black women were most likely to report having low sexual desire low amounts of pleasure from sex, once again followed by white women. Hispanic women apparently have the most satisfying sex, because they consistently came in at the bottom of the survey for sexual dysfunction. In trying to explain or find a cause for sexual dysfunction most psychologist will point the finger in the direction of depression. It is thought that not just clinical depression but even less severe forms of it like dysthymia can negatively affect sexual functioning. Furthermore, many psychiatrist think that the root of most sexual dysfunctions lays in some other psychological dysfunction. Lastly, the article addresses the different ways to treat sexual dysfunction. The issue of prescribing Viagra to men wit erictile dysfunction is critiqued on the basis that some other psychological disorder might be the cause of sexual dysfunction. If this is true then many professionals think that giving the drug to men doesn`t really get to the root of the problem. They would rather have the primary disorder, like depression, treated instead of treating symptoms if the secondary disorder, like erectile dysfunction treated. Another aspect of our culture that might be adding to our dysfunctions are an adherence to antiquated stereotypical sex roles and the visual bombardments of an oversexed media.
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